1 ABSTRACT................................................................................................................ v

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................... vii

3 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Deconstruction Defined..................................................................................... 1

3.2 Sustainability..................................................................................................... 1

4 WASTE IMPACT OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.................................. 5

4.1 General................................................................................................................. 5

4.2 Current Practices............................................................................................... 6

4.3 Waste Statistics................................................................................................. 9

4.4 Potential Building Stock for Deconstruction............................................. 10

4.5 Recycling Limitations – The need for Decosntruction................................ 11

4.6 Florida................................................................................................................ 15

4.7 Summary............................................................................................................. 20

5 DECONSTRUCTION BENEFITS.......................................................................... 21

5.1 Social Benefits.................................................................................................. 21

5.2 Economic Benefits............................................................................................. 22

5.3 Environmental Benefits................................................................................... 23

5.4 Summary............................................................................................................. 27

6 ESTABLISHING DECONSTRUCTION............................................................... 29

6.1 General............................................................................................................... 29

6.2 SuPCCEssful Implementations........................................................................... 29

6.3 Influence Factors............................................................................................. 31

6.4 EnvironmentAL Policy and Incentives........................................................... 39

6.5 Barriers to Establishment.............................................................................. 45

6.6 Summary............................................................................................................. 47

7 USED BUILDING MATERIALS............................................................................ 49

7.1 Salvaged Quantities........................................................................................ 49

7.2 Used Building Material Associations............................................................ 50

7.3 Markets and Resale......................................................................................... 51

7.4 Wood Reuse........................................................................................................ 53

7.5 Salvaged Wood Properties and Re-Grading................................................. 55

7.6 Trends................................................................................................................. 58

7.7 Summary............................................................................................................. 58

8 DECONSTRUCTION COSTS................................................................................. 59

8.1 Case Studies....................................................................................................... 60

8.2 Cost Factors..................................................................................................... 63

8.3 Labor cost and availability........................................................................... 64

8.4 Summary............................................................................................................. 65

9 DECONSTRUCTION STEPS.................................................................................. 67

9.1 Permitting Process............................................................................................ 67

9.2 Building Assessment - Building material inventory.................................... 67

9.3 Environmental Assessment............................................................................. 68

9.4 Field Safety........................................................................................................ 73

9.5 Workers Compensation Insurance................................................................. 74

9.6 Scheduling.......................................................................................................... 74

9.7 Jobsite Preparation.......................................................................................... 74

9.8 Site Map of Deconstruction Field Organization.................................... 74

9.9 Dismantling techniques................................................................................... 85

9.10 Summary......................................................................................................... 85

10 LESSONS LEARNED........................................................................................... 86

10.1 Establishing Deconstruction.................................................................... 86

10.2 Deconstruction Process............................................................................... 87

10.3 Materials....................................................................................................... 88

10.4 Markets.......................................................................................................... 88

11 DESIGNING FOR DECONSTRUCTION.......................................................... 91

11.1 Dibros Corporation....................................................................................... 92

11.2 Components of a Dibros Home..................................................................... 92

11.3 Foundation systems and Flooring.............................................................. 93

11.4 Framing........................................................................................................... 94

11.5 Wall Finishes.................................................................................................. 95

11.6 Roofing............................................................................................................ 95

11.7 Siding............................................................................................................... 96

11.8 Design for Deconstruction - Recommendations....................................... 97

12 Conclusion...................................................................................................... 99

13 Recommendations.................................................................................... 103

List of Figures

Figure 1   Waste Management Hierarchy...................................................................................... 3

Figure 2   Construction and Demolition waste categories............................................................... 9

Figure 3   National Tipping Fee Trends...................................................................................... 14

Figure 4   State map containing high, low and average tipping fees............................................... 17

Figure 5   Florida Population 1900's through present.................................................................. 32

Figure 6   Florida Regional Planning Councils............................................................................. 42

Figure 7   Collection of sample for asbestos content test............................................................. 71

Figure 8   Wall sample collection................................................................................................ 72

Figure 9   Paint collection for lead level test................................................................................ 72

Figure 10   Diagram of deconstruction field organization.............................................................. 74

Figure 11   Removed interior trim............................................................................................... 76

Figure 12    Interior wall surfaces removed................................................................................. 76

Figure 13   Removal of roofing material...................................................................................... 77

Figure 14   Exposed roofing structure......................................................................................... 78

Figure 15   Stud wall skeleton after removal of roof.................................................................... 78

Figure 16   Exterior stud wall .................................................................................................... 79

Figure 17   Retrieval of studs from walls..................................................................................... 80

Figure 18   Flooring removal...................................................................................................... 80

Figure 19   Exposed joists.......................................................................................................... 81

Figure 20   Cutting floor joist free for recovery........................................................................... 82

Figure 21   Pushing over chimney............................................................................................... 82

Figure 22   Removal of mortar from bricks................................................................................. 83

Figure 23   Reclaimed dimensional lumber.................................................................................. 84

Figure 24   Reclaimed larger dimension lumber........................................................................... 84

List of Tables

Table 1   lists the tons produced by each waste category............................................................ 10

Table 2   National Regional Tipping Fees................................................................................... 13

Table 3   Sample tipping fees .................................................................................................... 15

Table 4   Florida landfill regional locations.................................................................................. 16

Table 5   Florida regional average tipping fees for C&D disposal................................................ 16

Table 6   Florida Counties with high tipping fees and corresponding recycling facilities................. 18

Table 7   Population and Waste, Florida..................................................................................... 19

Table 8   Florida C&D waste as a percentage of the total waste stream...................................... 19

Table 9   Deconstruction project recovery rates.......................................................................... 24

Table 10   Waste Stream Percentages  ...................................................................................... 43

Table 11   Highest cost items in the Dibros home........................................................................ 93